WORKING PAPER NUMBER 1

                      STUDY MATERIAL

 

FOLIACES LICHEN

THE TIPE: STICA FULIGINASA

-flat or leafly;

-they have the shape of a membranous blade, whole leaf or round leaf ;

-slighly fixated by an stratum;

-the thalles  grows on it’s free edges ;

-the superior part is deferent from the inferior part;

 

MATERIAL /THE INSTRUMENT NEEDED 

-magnifying glass; -microscope;

 -anatomical tweezers;

 -spatulated needles;

 -razer ;

-blades;

-lamella;

 -knife;

 -clock glass;

 -droppors;

 -pothassium hydroxide  (a wathery solution 4-20%)       

 -a glass wand with  a top

-lichen ( Stica Fuliginosa)

                                                            

 THE PROCEEDINGS

-we add with a dropper a small quantity of potassium hydroxide (KOH)on the bark apotecs or soralis, or on the material that has been collected from walles ;

-we help the solution of potassium hydroxide entre the structure of the material we are studying by using a the glass  wand.  We will separate the lichen  from the bark  after by have delimitated  one from the other;

- we repeat the some operation with the speciments  we have collected from of other trees;

-the lichens found in a natural from with are identic with  those take found on the bark of the trees from nepolluted areas , are  or less polluted;

-those who have parts which have bean contaminated with sulphur dioxide  and the degree of pollution of the air; 

-to obtain , observ a reaction which is different in what  concerns the intensity we add a small quantity  of wather;

-we position the lamellas or the clock glass under the magnifying  glass  or under  microscope;

-after a certain period of time,  we may observe  changes in the colour , we can also notice changes  in the  structure  of the tallus, the presence of certain spots, that might  ranish  after a while,  the accumulation noxious substances  in the tallus, lesions,  the degree of humidity  and  dryness, differences between the some species situated  in areas  which are more or less polluted, variations of the diameter of the thallus  dependind on the quality of the air from the area from where it has been collected.

 

The specie: STICA FULIGINOSA

 

Harvesting area :Bârlad  

 

The altitude   : 90 m    on the 15th of  October 2005

 

     The place from where the material has been drawn

               

                 The findings

 

 The conclusions

 

Swimming place

-very common;

 -unmodified form;

-unmodified thallus;

-normal rhythm of  growth;

-unmodified basic characteristics ( pear- tree, rizine,  cefalodii, soredii,  apoteci);

-they are not covered with polluted  substances ;

-in this area  the air isn’t seriously polluted;

       (less then   30 mg/mł SO2 )

Public Garden

-very common in the  West  and North side of the garden and less common in the Estern part, which is closer  to the main street of the town , where the traffic is very intense ;

-the structure of thallus  are intensively  modified ( the thallus  has suffered muliple  lesions);

-the rhihm of growth  has been slow down  in the West side;

-the basic characteristics  ( pearree, rizine,  apoteci) have been modified  and there are also changes of the colour;

-he air near  he naional highway is very polluted

 ( SO2 , 40 μg/mł)

The Republicii Boulevard from the industrial area

Here they are completly missing;

-the air is very polluted because of the large accumulation of

 SO2  (70m/m) ;

The center of the town

-here they are completely missing;

-the air is polluted  almost 60 μg/mł SO2.

Prodana Lacke

-here they are spread in a normal measure;

-the structure and the thallus are slightly modified;

-the aspect of the basic normal  colour has

been deteriorated  by the thick  layer

 of dust, the cause  of this is the  existence in close proximity of the road  that connect the city Bârlad  from the village Griviţa;

-the air has been polluted by dust, sootfrom the concret and asphalt factoris and from the deteriorated road from the area;

 

The aria of the Scholare Complex

-in the wood nearby are commonly spread –the form and structure  of thallus  are little modified;

-the rhythm of growth is normal;

-the basic characteristics are modified (peartree, rizine, apoteci) are very litlle modified;

-the natural colour  is unmodified;

-the degree of pollution of the air is very reduced ( lees then 30mg/cmł)

 

    The analyse has been made by the next students:

Bortâ Serghei, Pădure Paul. , Mocanu Ana-Maria, Talpău Cristina, A

rdeleanu Alina, Codreanu Andreea, Hultoană Oana, Ioan Crina, Gănceanu Iulia.